Words / O / General

orthogonal

/ɔːˈθɒɡənəl/

C1CEFR level
69/100Rarity: rare
TechnicalRegister

General adjective

Statistically independent or mutually unrelated; at right angles in a geometric sense.

The two factors are orthogonal, so varying one tells you nothing about the other.

Similar: independent

Topic: Science & reasoning in General English

Business adjective

Statistically or conceptually independent of another variable or factor, with no meaningful correlation between them.

The two growth levers proved orthogonal, so the team could pursue both without one undermining the other.

Similar: independent, unrelated

Topic: Frameworks & analysis in Business English

Rarity runs from 0 (a word everyone knows) to 100 (almost never seen outside specialist or literary writing). Level is the word's real difficulty on the CEFR scale, from A1 to C2.

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